Percentage Calculator

Easy percentage calculations for school, work, shopping, and everyday needs. Get precise results with step-by-step explanations.

Calculate Percent of a Number

Find what X percent of Y equals. Commonly used for discounts, commission calculations, and statistical analysis.

What Percent Is X of Y

Calculate what percentage one number represents of another. Used for ratios, proportions, and comparative analysis.

Percentage Change Calculator

Calculate percentage increase or decrease between two values. Essential for growth analysis, financial reporting, and trend analysis.

Percentage Point Calculator

Calculate the arithmetic difference between two percentages. Critical for statistical analysis and financial reporting.

Discount Calculator

Calculate discount amounts, original prices, or final sale prices. Perfect for shopping and retail calculations.

Tip Calculator

Calculate tip amounts and total bills for restaurants, delivery, and services. Supports different tip percentages.

Popular Calculations

Common percentage calculations that people search for frequently

Complete Guide to Percentage Calculations

Master percentage calculations with detailed explanations, formulas, and real-world examples

Understanding Percentages

A percentage is a way of expressing a number as a fraction of 100. The word "percent" comes from the Latin "per centum," meaning "by the hundred."

Basic Concepts:

  • Percent Symbol (%): Represents "out of 100"
  • Decimal Conversion: 25% = 0.25 = 25/100
  • Fraction Relationship: Percentages are parts of a whole
  • Mathematical Operations: Can be added, subtracted, multiplied

Common Applications:

  • Financial calculations (interest rates, taxes)
  • Business metrics (profit margins, growth rates)
  • Academic grading systems
  • Statistical analysis and data interpretation
  • Everyday shopping (discounts, tips, sales tax)

Formulas and Methods

1. Percent of a Number

Formula: (Percentage ÷ 100) × Number = Result

Example: 25% of 200 = (25 ÷ 100) × 200 = 0.25 × 200 = 50

2. What Percent

Formula: (Part ÷ Total) × 100 = Percentage

Example: What percent of 200 is 50? = (50 ÷ 200) × 100 = 25%

3. Percentage Change

Formula: ((New Value - Old Value) ÷ Old Value) × 100

Example: From 100 to 150 = ((150 - 100) ÷ 100) × 100 = 50% increase

4. Percentage Points

Formula: Second Percentage - First Percentage

Example: From 25% to 30% = 30% - 25% = 5 percentage points

Business Applications

Financial Analysis

  • Profit Margins: (Profit ÷ Revenue) × 100
  • Growth Rates: Year-over-year percentage changes
  • Market Share: Company sales as % of total market
  • Return on Investment: (Gain - Cost) ÷ Cost × 100

Sales and Marketing

  • Conversion Rates: Sales ÷ Leads × 100
  • Discount Calculations: Original price × discount %
  • Commission Structures: Sales × commission rate
  • Performance Metrics: Target achievement percentages

Statistical Analysis

  • Survey Results: Response percentages
  • Quality Control: Defect rates and improvement
  • Market Research: Demographic breakdowns
  • A/B Testing: Conversion rate comparisons

Educational Uses

Academic Applications

  • Grade Calculations: Points earned ÷ total points × 100
  • Test Score Analysis: Class average percentages
  • GPA Conversions: Letter grades to percentage equivalents
  • Attendance Tracking: Days present ÷ total days × 100

Research and Data

  • Statistical Significance: Confidence levels and margins of error
  • Data Visualization: Pie charts and percentage breakdowns
  • Trend Analysis: Identifying patterns in percentage changes
  • Comparative Studies: Percentage differences between groups

Common Mistakes to Avoid

  • Percentage vs. Percentage Points: 10% to 20% is a 100% increase, not 10%
  • Base Value Confusion: Ensure you're using the correct denominator
  • Rounding Errors: Maintain precision in multi-step calculations
  • Negative Percentages: Understand when negative values are meaningful